先来说一下结构体的一些例子
包含创建结构体和初始化操作
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#include<iostream>#include<string>using namespace std;struct User { char name[20]; char sex[5]; int age;};struct Student { string name; int age; int score;}stu;//第三种int main() { struct User u1; strcpy_s(u1.name,"肥学"); u1.age = 12; strcpy_s(u1.sex,"男"); cout << "name:" << u1.name << "age:" << u1.age << "sex:" << u1.sex << endl; struct Student s; s.name = "鸣人"; s.age = 20; s.score = 80; cout << "name:" <<s.name << " age:" << s.age << " sex:" << s.score << endl; struct Student s2={ "pte",20,56 }; cout << "name:" << s2.name << " age:" << s2.age << " sex:" << s2.score << endl; struct User u2 = { "pter","男",20 }; cout << "name:" << u2.name << " age:" << u2.age << " sex:" << u2.sex << endl;} |
结构体的的一些操作
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#include<iostream>#include<string>using namespace std;struct Friend{ string name; int age; string sex;};struct User { string name; int age; string sex; struct Friend f;};void addFriend(User* u) { Friend f = { "fei",20,"men" }; u->f = f;}void addF2(User& u) { Friend f = { "xue",20,"men" }; u.f = f;}int main() { //结构体数组 /*User arru[5]; arru[0] = { "pter",20,"men" }; cout << arru[0].name << endl;*/ //结构体指针 /* User u = { "pter",20,"men" }; User *p = &u; cout << p->name << endl;*/ //嵌套结构体 /* User u; Friend f = { "pter",20,"men" }; u = { "hello",20,"men",f }; cout << u.name << " " << u.f.name << endl;*/ //***结构体做函数的参数*** //地址传递 cout << "地址传递" << endl; User u = { "pter",20,"men" }; cout << "myname:" << u.name << " fname:" << u.f.name << endl; addFriend(&u); cout << "myname:" << u.name << " fname:" << u.f.name << endl; //引用传递 cout << "引用传递" << endl; User u2 = { "ppt",20,"men" }; cout << "myname:" << u2.name << " fname:" << u2.f.name << endl; addF2(u2); cout << "myname:" << u2.name << " fname:" << u2.f.name << endl;} |
结构体的const
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#include<iostream>#include<string>using namespace std;struct User { const string name;//感觉像Java private const int age; const string sex;};void printInfo(const User* u) { cout << u->name<<" " << u->age <<" " <<u->sex << endl;}int main() { User u = { "肥学",20,"男" }; printInfo(&u);} |
案例练习
给每位老师分配几位学生
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#include<iostream>#include<string>#include<ctime>using namespace std;typedef struct Student { string name; int age; string sex;}S;typedef struct Teacher { string name; int age; string sex; S sarray[5];}T;void assignment(T* tarray,int len) { for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { cout << "请输入老师姓名：" ; cin >> tarray[i].name; cout << "请输入年龄:"; cin >> tarray[i].age; cout << "请输入性别："; cin >> tarray[i].sex; for (int s = 0; s < 2; s++) {//为了操作方便就输入两位学生信息 cout << "请输入学生姓名："; cin >> tarray[i].sarray[s].name; //cout << "请输入学生年龄:"; //cin >> tarray[i].sarray[s].age; tarray[i].sarray[s].age = rand() % 18 + 8; cout << "请输入学生性别："; cin >> tarray[i].sarray[s].sex; } }}void printInfo(T* tarray,int tnum) { cout << "信息展示：\n" << endl; for (int i = 0; i < tnum; i++) { cout << "老师姓名："<<tarray[i].name<<endl; for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) { cout << " 学生姓名：" << tarray[i].sarray[j].name << endl; cout << " 学生姓名：" << tarray[i].sarray[j].age << endl; cout << " 学生姓名：" << tarray[i].sarray[j].sex << endl; } }}int main() { //随机种子 srand((unsigned int )time (NULL)); T tarray[3]; int tnum = sizeof(tarray) / sizeof(tarray[0]); assignment(tarray,tnum); printInfo(tarray, tnum);} |
案例练习2
对每个员工的工资进赋值，然后对工资排序输出
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#include<iostream>#include<string>#include<ctime>using namespace std;struct staff { string name; int salary;};void initStaff(staff* sarray,int len) { string nameseed = "ABCDE"; for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { int r = rand() % 10000 + 3000; string n = "user_"; string name = n + nameseed[i]; staff s = {name,r }; sarray[i] = s; }}void printInfo(staff* sarray, int len) { for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { cout << "姓名：" << sarray[i].name << " 工资：" << sarray[i].salary << endl; }}void sortSalary(staff* sarray,int len) { for (int i = len-1; i >0; i--) { for (int j = len-1; j >= len-i; j--) { staff maxsalary; if (sarray[j].salary > sarray[j - 1].salary) { maxsalary = sarray[j]; sarray[j] = sarray[j - 1]; sarray[j - 1] = maxsalary; } } }}int main() { srand((unsigned int)time(NULL)); staff sarray[5]; int snum = (sizeof(sarray)) / sizeof(sarray[0]); initStaff(sarray, snum); printInfo(sarray, snum); sortSalary(sarray, snum); cout << "\n\n按工资排序后:\n" << endl; printInfo(sarray, snum);} |
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原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/jiahuiandxuehui/article/details/124265305
