前言:
Unittest又名单元测试,主要用于测试自己写的代码的正确性和完备性,也方便自己和他人对代码的维护。在软件开发过程中,测试驱动开发的理念是一种好的开发习惯。
例如现在我们写了一个求绝对值的函数my_abs,存放在myAbs.py中
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def my_abs(number): if not ( isinstance (number, int ) or isinstance (number, float )): raise ValueError( "invalid value %s" % number) else : if (number > = 0 ): return number else : return - number |
此处的my_abs函数对参数做了检查,参数必须是一个数(python的数只有int和float型)。那么如果想要测试这个函数的正确性,我们需要写一个测试函数,用于测试函数的各个分支情况。
基于unittest的的测试代码如下:
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import unittest from myAbs import my_abs class TestmyAbs(unittest.TestCase): def test_positive( self ): self .assertEqual(my_abs( 1 ), 1 ) def test_zero( self ): self .assertEqual(my_abs( 0 ), 0 ) def test_negative( self ): self .assertEqual(my_abs( - 1 ), 1 ) def test_inputerror( self ): with self .assertRaises(ValueError): my_abs( "1" ) if __name__ = = "__main__" : unittest.main() |
上述代码存放在test_myAbs.py中。
unittest的基本使用方法是:
- 1. 文件命名以test_开头,这样方便unittest自动执行,unittest能自动识别目录下test_开头的文件执行
- 2. import unittest 这个是运行unittest的前提
- 3. 定义class要以Test开头,必须要从unittest.TestCase继承,且不能有init方法,测试的方法或者函数以test_开头
- 4. 测试方法中使用assert进行断言
在上面测试代码的TestMyabs类的方法中,分别对正数,零和负数的情况进行了测试,使用assertEqual进行结果的判定;另外测试中还对输入参数是无效的情况进行了判定,使用了with语句和assertRaises的方式,针对期望抛出来的异常进行判定
unittest的运行方式:
1. 单独运行test_myAbs.py文件,前提是在文件尾增加
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if __name__ = = "__main__" : unittest.main() |
2. 发送命令 python -m unittest .\myAbs.py
当发送命令python -m unittest时,会执行当前目录下所有test_开头的文件
运行结果如下:
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Testing started at 4 : 43 PM ... Launching pytest with arguments C: / work / myPythonPrj / test_myAbs.py - - no - header - - no - summary - q in C:\work\myPythonPrj = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = test session starts = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = collecting ... collected 4 items test_myAbs.py::TestmyAbs::test_inputerror PASSED [ 25 % ] test_myAbs.py::TestmyAbs::test_negative PASSED [ 50 % ] test_myAbs.py::TestmyAbs::test_positive PASSED [ 75 % ] test_myAbs.py::TestmyAbs::test_zero PASSED [ 100 % ] = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 4 passed in 0.03s = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Process finished with exit code 0 |
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/yangjingdong2008/article/details/126485681