今天把我之前写的大作业分享一下吧，并教你们如何实现，希望你们看了前面的教程也能自己写一个。
1.要先下载一个 graphics.h 的头文件来绘图。
2.初始化窗口：initgraph(x, y);这是先创建一个窗口的函数，以左上角为(0,0)，向右为x轴，向下为y轴，其中x表示长x个单位，y表示宽y个单位。
3.关闭图像窗口：closegraph();结束时用来关闭用的。
4.按任意键继续：getch();这个就和getchar();差不多，为了防止以运行完就关了，这样能停顿一下，他的头文件是：conio.h 。
5.画线：line(x1, y1, x2, y2);在你创建的那么窗口里以(x1,y1)和(x2,y2)为两个端点画线。
6.画矩形：rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2);以(x1,y1)和(x2,y2)为对角画一个矩形。
7.画圆：circle(x,y,r);以(x,y)为圆点，r为半径画圆。
8.颜色：setcolor(x);用来设置颜色的，其中x是你要设置的颜色，可以填这16种：黑 BLACK、蓝 BLUE、绿 GREEN、青 CYAN、红 RED、紫 MAGENTA、棕 BROWN、浅灰 LIGHTGRAY、深灰 DARKGRAY、亮蓝 LIGHTBLUE、亮绿 LIGHTGREEN、亮青 LIGHTCYAN、亮红 LIGHTRED、亮紫 LIGHTMAGENTA、黄 YELLOW、白 WHITE；当然，你也可以根据光的三原色来调自己喜欢的颜色，方法是：setcolor(RGB(x,y,z));其中RGB分别代表红绿蓝，对应的x,y,z是你选的该颜色的多少，范围是[0,255]。
根据上面的这些就能画出很多图形了.比如：
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# include <graphics.h> # include <conio.h> void main() { initgraph(640,480); setcolor(BROWN); line(200,200,300,130); line(400,200,300,130); rectangle(200,200,400,380); setcolor(RGB(100,150,200)); circle(255,260,20); circle(345,260,20); rectangle(280,300,310,360); getch(); closegraph(); } |
还有这个，画一个圆，圆心是(320,240),半径r=200，根据角度的公式画一个圆：
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# include <graphics.h> # include <conio.h> # include <math.h> # define PI 3.1415926 void main() { initgraph(640, 480); int x,y,r=200,c; double a; for(a=0; a<PI*2; a+=0.0001) { x=(int)(r*cos(a)+320+0.5); y=(int)(r*sin(a)+240+0.5); c=(int)(a*255/(2*PI)); setcolor(RGB(c,200-c/2,100+c/2)); line(320,240,x,y); } getch(); closegraph(); } |
9.停顿：Sleep(x);停顿x/1000秒。
有了Sleep();函数，就能让线动起来了，原理就是：先画一条线，然后再画一条黑色的线覆盖原来的那条，然后再画一条线，这样不断的画线能行了。
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# include <graphics.h> # include <conio.h> void main() { int i,y; initgraph(640,480); for(y=0;y<480-2;y++) { setcolor(RGB(y,125,y/2%256)); line(0,y,639,y); line(0,y+2,639,y+2); Sleep(10); setcolor(BLACK); line(0,y,639,y); } getch(); closegraph(); } |
10.随机数发生器：srand();使用方法：srand(time(NULL));使用时要有头文件time.h。
11.随机函数:rand();随机生成一个数，头文件是：stdlib.h，比如：
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# include <stdio.h> # include <time.h> # include <graphics.h> void main() { int t=10; while(t--) { srand(time(NULL)); printf("%d\n",rand()); Sleep(1000); } } |
12.判断键盘是否有输入：kbhit();如果有的话返回1，否则返回0.
13.方向键：方健健的ASCII值我们不知道，普通的getchar();也不能输入，但是getch();通过运行程序可以发现方向比较特殊，分别是：上 224+72、下 224+80、左 224+75、右 224+77，就是说他们是由两个字符组成的，所以判断上下左右时就先判断if(kbhit()),然后判断if(getch()==224),如果是的话在判断if(getch()==72),是的话就是上，下左右同理。
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# include <stdio.h> # include <graphics.h> # include <conio.h> void main() { int key; while(1) { if(kbhit()) { key=getch(); if(key==224) key=getch(); printf("%d",key); } else printf("*"); Sleep(500); } } |
14.输出：outtextxy(x,y,s);在坐标为(x,y)的地方输出字符串s。
15.数字转字符串：sprintf(s,"%d",a);将数字a,转化为字符串s，头文件是stdio.h。
16.设置字体：setfont(x,y,"字体");其中x表示你你要输出的字的大小，y会改变形状一般都是设为0，"字体"为你想要输出的字体，比如：setfont(40,0,"楷体");
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# include <graphics.h> # include <conio.h> # include <stdio.h> void main() { char s[10]; initgraph(640,480); setfont(42,0,"隶体"); outtextxy(200,200,"俄罗斯方块"); sprintf(s,"%d",2015); outtextxy(250,250,s); getch(); closegraph(); } |
上面这些都学会了的话，差不多就能够自己完成编写一个俄罗斯方块了，下面分享一下我写的代码。
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# include <stdio.h> # include <time.h> # include <conio.h> # include <graphics.h> int a,visit[30][15],Color[30][15],minX=30,minY=30,maxX=310,maxY=610,speed=500,score=0,rank=0; int color[]={GREEN,CYAN,MAGENTA,BROWN,LIGHTGRAY,LIGHTBLUE,LIGHTGREEN,LIGHTRED,YELLOW}; int block[36][5][5]= { {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0} }; void Interface();//界面的设计 void nextblock();//生成下一个方块 void newblock();//将下一个放到主方框中 void move(int x,int y,int A);//移动方块 int couldmove(int x0,int y0,int A,char dir,int next);//判断能否移动 int couldrotate(int x0,int y0,int A,int next);//判断能否旋转 void mark(int x0,int y0,int A,int next);//标记方块固定后的位置 void full();//判断有没有能够消行的 void down(int x);//有消行的将上面的方块下移一行 int gameover();//判断游戏是否结束 int main() { int i,j; Interface(); nextblock(); Sleep(500); memset(visit,0,sizeof(visit)); while(1) { newblock(); full(); if(gameover()) break; } getch(); closegraph(); return 0; } void Interface() { int i,j; char str[10]; initgraph(550, 660); HWND hwnd = GetHWnd(); SetWindowText(hwnd, "NEW俄罗斯方块 制作:丶阿明"); Sleep(2000); setfont(40,0,"隶体"); setcolor(RED); outtextxy(145,200,"NEW"); setfont(40,0,"楷体"); for(i=0;i<=255;i++) for(j=0;j<=255;j++) { setcolor(RGB((i+j+128)%255,i,j)); outtextxy(205,200,"俄罗斯方块!"); } Sleep(2000); setcolor(YELLOW); setfont(22,0,"隶体"); outtextxy(310,300,"←_←"); setfont(22,0,"楷体"); outtextxy(180,300,"这逼装的可以"); setcolor(LIGHTMAGENTA); Sleep(2500); outtextxy(175,300,"请按任意键开始游戏!"); getch(); cleardevice(); setcolor(WHITE); rectangle(29,29,334,633); rectangle(28,28,335,634); rectangle(370,50,515,195); setfont(24,0, "楷体"); setcolor(LIGHTGRAY); outtextxy(405,215,"下一个:"); setcolor(RED); outtextxy(405,280,"分数:"); sprintf(str,"%d",score); outtextxy(415,310,str); outtextxy(405,375,"等级:"); sprintf(str,"%d",rank); outtextxy(425,405,str); setfont(22,0, "楷体"); setcolor(LIGHTBLUE); outtextxy(390,475,"操作说明:"); outtextxy(390,500,"↑: 旋转"); outtextxy(390,525,"↓: 下降"); outtextxy(390,550,"←: 左移"); outtextxy(390,575,"→: 右移"); outtextxy(390,600,"空格: 暂停"); } void nextblock() { int i,j,x=391,y=71; setfont(23,0,"楷体"); setcolor(BLACK); for(i=0;i<5;i++) for(j=0;j<5;j++) outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■"); srand(time(NULL)); a=rand()%9; setcolor(color[a]); for(i=0;i<5;i++) for(j=0;j<5;j++) if(block[4*a][i][j]==1) outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■"); } void newblock() { int i,j,x=130,y=30,A=a; if(A==0||A==1||A==6) y-=60; else if(A==2||A==3||A==5||A==7||A==8) y-=40; else y-=80; setfont(23,0,"楷体"); setcolor(color[A]); for(i=0;i<5;i++) for(j=0;j<5;j++) if(block[4*A][i][j]==1&&y+20*i>=30) outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i,"■"); Sleep(100); nextblock(); move(x,y,A); } void move(int x,int y,int A) { int i,j,f,k=0,next=0,Speed=speed,key,nex; while(1) { f=couldmove(x,y+k,A,'x',next); if(f==0) { mark(x,y+k,A,next); break; } if(kbhit()) { key=getch(); if(key==32) getch(); } setcolor(BLACK); for(i=0;i<5;i++) for(j=0;j<5;j++) if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&y+20*i+k>=30) outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i+k,"■"); if(kbhit()) { key=getch(); if(key==72) { nex=(next+1)%4; if(couldrotate(x,y+k,A,nex)) next=nex; } else if(key==80) Speed=50; else if(key==75&&couldmove(x,y+k+20,A,'z',next)) x-=20; else if(key==77&&couldmove(x,y+k+20,A,'y',next)) x+=20; } setcolor(color[A]); for(i=0;i<5;i++) for(j=0;j<5;j++) if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&y+20*i+k+20>=30) outtextxy(x+20*j,y+20*i+k+20,"■"); Sleep(Speed); k+=20; } } int couldmove(int x0,int y0,int A,char dir,int next) { int i,j,x,y,f=1; x=(y0-minY)/20; y=(x0-minX)/20; if(dir=='x') { for(i=0;i<5;i++) for(j=0;j<5;j++) if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(x+i+1==30||(x+i+1>=0&&x+i+1<30&&y+j>=0&&y+j<15&&visit[x+i+1][y+j]==1))) f=0; } else if(dir=='z') { for(i=0;i<5;i++) for(j=0;j<5;j++) if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j==0||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j-1>=0&&y+j-1<15&&visit[x+i][y+j-1]==1))) f=0; } else if(dir=='y') { for(i=0;i<5;i++) for(j=0;j<5;j++) if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j+1==15||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j+1>=0&&y+j+1<15&&visit[x+i][y+j+1]==1))) f=0; } return f; } int couldrotate(int x0,int y0,int A,int next) { int i,j,x,y,f=1; x=(y0-minY)/20; y=(x0-minX)/20; if(!couldmove(x0,y0,A,'x',next)) f=0; for(i=0;i<5;i++) for(j=0;j<5;j++) if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1&&(y+j==-1||y+j==15||(x+i>=0&&x+i<30&&y+j>=0&&y+j<15&&visit[x+i][y+j]==1))) f=0; return f; } void mark(int x0,int y0,int A,int next) { int i,j,x,y; x=(y0-minY)/20; y=(x0-minX)/20; for(i=0;i<5;i++) for(j=0;j<5;j++) if(block[4*A+next][i][j]==1) { visit[x+i][y+j]=1; Color[x+i][y+j]=color[A]; } } void full() { int i,j,k=0; char str[10]; for(i=29;i>=0;i--) { for(j=0;j<15;j++) if(visit[i][j]==0) break; if(j==15) { k++; down(i); i++; } } setcolor(RED); score+=10*k; sprintf(str,"%d",score); outtextxy(415,310,str); rank=(score/50); sprintf(str,"%d",rank); outtextxy(425,405,str); speed=500-100*rank; if(speed==0) speed=100; if(score>=300) speed=75; } void down(int x) { int i,j; for(i=x;i>0;i--) for(j=0;j<15;j++) if(visit[i-1][j]==1) { visit[i][j]=visit[i-1][j]; Color[i][j]=Color[i-1][j]; setcolor(Color[i-1][j]); outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY+20*i,"■"); } else { visit[i][j]=visit[i-1][j]; setcolor(BLACK); outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY+20*i,"■"); } setcolor(BLACK); for(j=0;j<15;j++) { visit[0][j]=0; outtextxy(minX+20*j,minY,"■"); } } int gameover() { int i,j; for(i=0;i<15;i++) if(visit[0][i]==1) { for(i=0;i<=7;i++) { setcolor(RGB(35*i,255-35*i,255)); for(j=i;j<30-i;j++,Sleep(20)) outtextxy(30+20*i,30+20*j,"■"); for(j=i;j<15-i;j++,Sleep(20)) outtextxy(30+20*j,30+20*(29-i),"■"); for(j=30-1-i;j>=i;j--,Sleep(20)) outtextxy(30+20*(14-i),30+20*j,"■"); for(j=15-1-i;j>=i;j--,Sleep(20)) outtextxy(30+20*j,30+20*i,"■"); } setcolor(WHITE); setfont(45,0,"隶体"); outtextxy(75,300,"GAME OVER!"); Sleep(5000); return 1; } return 0; } |
我设置的一行能放15个小格子，一共能放30行，二维数组visit[30][15],来判断某个位置是否有方块，比如visit[29][5]=1表示第30行第6个方块的位置有方块了，0表示没方块,Color[30][15]用来记录某个位置的方块的颜色。minX=30,minY=30表示左上角的方块也就是第1行第1列的方块对应在界面的坐标，maxX,maxY同理。speed表示方块的下落速度，一开始初始化为500，没0.5s往下落一行，score记录分数，每消一行加10分，rank表示等级，每50分等级+1，且速度减100，当速度减到100时，就不变了，只有当分数超过300速度才会减为75，且以后都不会再减少了。
我一个设计了9种方块，每种方块都有4种形态，每顺时针旋转90°就有一种形态，所以一共是36个方块。每个方块都用5*5的二维数组来表示，36种就是36个二维数组，所以用block[36][5][5]来表示，block[k][5][5],（k<36&&k%4==0）表示每种方块的初始形态，k+1，+2，+3,分别表示第k种方块选择90°、180°、270°之后的形态。比如block[1][5][5]保存的是第1种方块旋转90°的方块，其中block[1][i][j]=1表示这个方块第i+1行，j+1列有一个小方块，=0代表没有，所以我的block[36][5][5]，有36行，一行25个数列，表示一种方块。一维数组color[]依次表示9种方块的颜色。
附上效果图：
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/jinxinliu1/article/details/52938466
